Tossico vs. velenoso
The Italian words 'tossico' and 'velenoso' both relate to poisonous or toxic substances, but they have subtle differences in usage and connotation.
Tossico
'Tossico' generally refers to substances that are toxic or poisonous, especially in a chemical or environmental context. It can also be used figuratively to describe harmful situations or relationships.
Questo gas è altamente tossico.
(This gas is highly toxic.)
L'ambiente di lavoro è diventato tossico.
(The work environment has become toxic.)
Le sostanze tossiche nell'acqua sono pericolose.
(The toxic substances in the water are dangerous.)
Velenoso
'Velenoso' specifically refers to venomous or poisonous, often in the context of animals, plants, or naturally occurring substances. It can also be used metaphorically to describe harmful or malicious behavior.
Alcuni funghi sono velenosi.
(Some mushrooms are poisonous.)
Il morso di questo serpente è velenoso.
(The bite of this snake is venomous.)
Le sue parole velenose hanno ferito tutti.
(His venomous words hurt everyone.)
Summary
While 'tossico' is more commonly used for chemical toxicity and harmful environments, 'velenoso' is often associated with naturally occurring poisons and venoms. 'Tossico' is broader in scope, while 'velenoso' is more specific to biological contexts. Both can be used metaphorically, with 'tossico' describing unhealthy situations and 'velenoso' referring to malicious behavior.