Risata vs. riso
The Italian words 'risata' and 'riso' both relate to laughter, but they have distinct uses and connotations in the Italian language.
Risata
'Risata' is a noun that refers to a hearty laugh or burst of laughter. It often implies a loud, prolonged, or particularly joyful laugh.
La sua barzelletta ha provocato una risata generale.
(His joke provoked a general burst of laughter.)
Si sentivano risate provenire dalla stanza accanto.
(Laughter could be heard coming from the next room.)
Riso
'Riso' can mean both 'laugh' (as a noun) and 'laughed' (as the past participle of the verb 'ridere'). As a noun, it often refers to a softer or more controlled laugh compared to 'risata'.
Il suo riso gentile illuminava la stanza.
(Her gentle laugh lit up the room.)
Hanno riso alle mie battute per tutta la serata.
(They laughed at my jokes all evening.)
Summary
While both 'risata' and 'riso' relate to laughter, 'risata' typically describes a more boisterous, uncontrolled laugh, while 'riso' can be softer or more restrained. 'Riso' is also more versatile, functioning as both a noun and a verb form.