Montagna vs. monte
The Italian words 'montagna' and 'monte' both refer to mountains, but they have subtle differences in usage and connotation.
Montagna
'Montagna' is the general term for mountain in Italian. It typically refers to a large, tall landform or a mountain range.
Le Alpi sono una catena montuosa con molte montagne alte.
(The Alps are a mountain range with many high mountains.)
Abbiamo fatto un'escursione sulla montagna più alta della regione.
(We hiked on the highest mountain in the region.)
Monte
'Monte' often refers to a specific, individual mountain or hill. It's frequently used in proper names and can sometimes indicate a smaller or less imposing elevation than 'montagna'.
Il Monte Bianco è la vetta più alta delle Alpi.
(Mont Blanc is the highest peak in the Alps.)
Abbiamo fatto un picnic sul monte vicino al villaggio.
(We had a picnic on the hill near the village.)
Summary
While 'montagna' is a more general term for mountains and mountain ranges, 'monte' often refers to specific mountains or hills, especially in names. 'Montagna' typically implies a larger, more imposing elevation, while 'monte' can be used for both significant mountains and smaller hills.