Lavoratore vs. operaio
The Italian words 'lavoratore' and 'operaio' both translate to 'worker' in English, but they have distinct connotations and usage in Italian.
Lavoratore
'Lavoratore' is a general term for any person who works, regardless of the type of job or level of skill required.
Il lavoratore autonomo gestisce il proprio orario.
(The self-employed worker manages their own schedule.)
Mio padre è un lavoratore instancabile.
(My father is a tireless worker.)
I diritti del lavoratore sono protetti dalla legge.
(Workers' rights are protected by law.)
Operaio
'Operaio' specifically refers to a manual or industrial worker, often in a factory or construction setting.
Gli operai della fabbrica sono in sciopero.
(The factory workers are on strike.)
Mio zio lavora come operaio edile.
(My uncle works as a construction worker.)
L'operaio specializzato guadagna più di quello generico.
(The skilled worker earns more than the general laborer.)
Summary
While 'lavoratore' is a broad term encompassing all types of workers, 'operaio' specifically denotes manual or industrial workers. 'Lavoratore' can refer to professionals, office workers, or any employed person, whereas 'operaio' is used for those engaged in physical labor or factory work.