Disgustoso vs. ripugnante vs. rivoltante vs. schifoso
The Italian language has several words to express disgust or repulsion, each with subtle differences in intensity and usage. 'Disgustoso', 'ripugnante', 'rivoltante', and 'schifoso' are four such words that, while similar, have distinct connotations and applications.
Disgustoso
'Disgustoso' is the most general term for disgusting. It can be used for a wide range of unpleasant situations or things, from mildly off-putting to truly revolting.
Questo formaggio ha un odore disgustoso.
(This cheese has a disgusting smell.)
Il suo comportamento è stato disgustoso.
(His behavior was disgusting.)
Ripugnante
'Ripugnante' is stronger than 'disgustoso' and implies a deep sense of repulsion or repugnance. It's often used for things that are morally or physically offensive.
La scena del crimine era ripugnante.
(The crime scene was repulsive.)
Trovo ripugnante il modo in cui tratta i suoi dipendenti.
(I find the way he treats his employees repulsive.)
Rivoltante
'Rivoltante' suggests something so disgusting that it causes a strong physical reaction, like nausea or the urge to turn away. It's often used for extreme cases.
Il puzzo nella stanza era rivoltante.
(The stench in the room was revolting.)
Le condizioni igieniche del ristorante erano rivoltanti.
(The hygienic conditions of the restaurant were revolting.)
Schifoso
'Schifoso' is a more colloquial term, often used in everyday speech. It can range from playfully disgusting to truly nasty, depending on context.
Non mangerò mai più quella schifosa medicina.
(I'll never take that gross medicine again.)
Che tempo schifoso oggi!
(What nasty weather today!)
Summary
While all four words express disgust, they vary in intensity and usage. 'Disgustoso' is the most general, 'ripugnante' implies moral or physical repulsion, 'rivoltante' suggests an extreme reaction, and 'schifoso' is more colloquial and versatile. Context and tone are crucial in choosing the most appropriate word.