Caverna vs. grotta
The Italian words 'caverna' and 'grotta' both refer to caves, but they have subtle differences in usage and connotation.
Caverna
'Caverna' typically refers to a large, deep cave or cavern, often with a more spacious and hollow interior.
Gli esploratori si addentrarono nella vasta caverna.
(The explorers ventured into the vast cavern.)
La caverna era così ampia che poteva ospitare un'intera città sotterranea.
(The cavern was so large it could house an entire underground city.)
Grotta
'Grotta' is a more general term for cave, encompassing various sizes and types, including smaller or coastal caves.
I turisti visitarono la famosa Grotta Azzurra di Capri.
(The tourists visited the famous Blue Grotto of Capri.)
Abbiamo trovato una piccola grotta sulla spiaggia.
(We found a small cave on the beach.)
Summary
While 'caverna' typically describes larger, more cavernous underground spaces, 'grotta' is a more versatile term that can refer to caves of various sizes and types, including coastal or smaller formations. 'Caverna' often implies a more impressive, spacious interior, while 'grotta' can be used for a wider range of cave-like structures.