Baia vs. golfo
The Italian words 'baia' and 'golfo' both refer to bodies of water that extend into the land, but they differ in size and characteristics.
Baia
'Baia' refers to a smaller coastal indentation, typically a bay or cove.
La baia di Napoli è famosa per la sua bellezza.
(The Bay of Naples is famous for its beauty.)
Abbiamo nuotato in una piccola baia tranquilla.
(We swam in a small, quiet cove.)
Golfo
'Golfo' indicates a larger body of water, usually a gulf, that extends deeper into the land.
Il Golfo di Genova è parte del Mar Ligure.
(The Gulf of Genoa is part of the Ligurian Sea.)
Il Golfo del Messico è noto per le sue acque calde.
(The Gulf of Mexico is known for its warm waters.)
Summary
While 'baia' typically describes smaller, more intimate coastal inlets, 'golfo' refers to larger, more expansive bodies of water extending into the land. 'Baia' is often used for scenic, sheltered areas, while 'golfo' is used for major geographical features that can significantly impact weather and maritime activities.