Avere sete vs. essere assetato

The Italian expressions 'avere sete' and 'essere assetato' both mean 'to be thirsty', but they have subtle differences in usage and intensity.

Avere sete

'Avere sete' is the more common and neutral way to express thirst in Italian. It literally translates to 'to have thirst'.
Ho sete, posso avere un bicchiere d'acqua?
(I'm thirsty, can I have a glass of water?)
Dopo la corsa, avevo molta sete.
(After the run, I was very thirsty.)
I bambini hanno sete dopo aver giocato al parco.
(The children are thirsty after playing in the park.)

Essere assetato

'Essere assetato' is a more intense expression of thirst, often implying a stronger or more urgent need for water. It translates to 'to be thirsty' but carries a stronger connotation.
Dopo tre giorni nel deserto, erano assetati.
(After three days in the desert, they were parched.)
Il cane era così assetato che ha bevuto tutta la ciotola d'acqua in un attimo.
(The dog was so thirsty that it drank the entire bowl of water in an instant.)
Sono assetato di conoscenza.
(I'm thirsting for knowledge.)

Summary

While both 'avere sete' and 'essere assetato' express thirst, 'avere sete' is more commonly used for everyday situations, whereas 'essere assetato' conveys a more intense or urgent thirst. 'Avere sete' is more literal and neutral, while 'essere assetato' can be used both literally for extreme thirst and figuratively for strong desires.