Surpeuplé vs. surchargé vs. bondé
The French words 'surpeuplé', 'surchargé', and 'bondé' all convey the idea of overcrowding, but they are used in slightly different contexts and with varying nuances.
Surpeuplé
'Surpeuplé' specifically refers to an area or place that has too many inhabitants or is overpopulated.
Cette ville est surpeuplée, il n'y a plus de logements disponibles.
(This city is overcrowded, there are no more available housing units.)
Les pays surpeuplés font face à de nombreux défis environnementaux.
(Overpopulated countries face many environmental challenges.)
Surchargé
'Surchargé' implies being overloaded or having too much of something, not necessarily just people.
Son emploi du temps est surchargé cette semaine.
(His schedule is overloaded this week.)
Le camion était tellement surchargé qu'il avançait lentement.
(The truck was so overloaded that it was moving slowly.)
Bondé
'Bondé' specifically describes a place or vehicle that is packed with people, often to the point of discomfort.
Le métro était bondé aux heures de pointe.
(The subway was packed during rush hour.)
La salle de concert était bondée pour le spectacle.
(The concert hall was crowded for the show.)
Summary
While all three words relate to overcrowding, 'surpeuplé' focuses on overpopulation, 'surchargé' on general overloading, and 'bondé' on spaces packed with people. Use 'surpeuplé' for demographic contexts, 'surchargé' for various overloaded situations, and 'bondé' for immediate, physical crowding of people in a space.