Manifestation vs. protestation
The French words 'manifestation' and 'protestation' are both related to the expression of disapproval or dissent, typically in a public context. However, there are nuances in their meanings and usage that distinguish one from the other.
Manifestation
A public event, such as a march or rally, organized by a group to display support for or opposition to something; it's a physical gathering of people.
Des milliers de personnes ont assisté à la manifestation contre le changement climatique.
(Thousands of people attended the demonstration against climate change.)
La manifestation s'est déroulée pacifiquement dans les rues de la ville.
(The protest took place peacefully in the city streets.)
Une manifestation étudiante a été organisée pour demander la réforme de l'éducation.
(A student rally was organized to call for education reform.)
Protestation
An act of objecting or a formal declaration of disapproval; it does not necessarily involve a large public gathering and can be verbal or written.
Le député a fait une protestation officielle contre la nouvelle loi.
(The deputy made an official protest against the new law.)
Il y a eu des protestations dans l'assemblée quand le résultat du vote a été annoncé.
(There were protests in the assembly when the vote result was announced.)
Les citoyens ont exprimé leur protestation en signant une pétition en ligne.
(The citizens expressed their protest by signing an online petition.)
Summary
'Manifestation' refers primarily to physical demonstrations such as marches and rallies where people gather publicly to express their viewpoints. In contrast, 'protestation' involves expressing disapproval and may not include an organized public event. It can be a formal declaration or objection through various modes of expressions such as speech, writing, or legal means without the requirement of physical presence or collective action.