Papel vs. rol vs. función
The Spanish words 'papel', 'rol' and 'función' can all be translated to mean 'role'. However, the words are used differently in different contexts. Here is a detailed explanation on how these words can be used.
Papel
When speaking about theater or cinema, 'papel' is used to represent a character an actor/actress plays. In addition to that, 'papel' can colloquially refer to the role that a person takes on in real-life situations.
Julia Roberts tiene el papel principal en esa película.
(Julia Roberts has the main role in that movie.)
En nuestra relación, ella es quien siempre juega el papel de pacificador.
(In our relationship, she always plays the role of peacekeeper.)
Rol
'Rol' is generally used to define the function or responsibility that someone has within a certain situation, system or organization. It focuses more on social or professional status.
El rol de una enfermera es cuidar a los pacientes.
(The role of a nurse is to take care of patients.)
Como gerente, mi rol es asegurar que todos estén haciendo su trabajo correctamente.
(As manager, my role is to make sure everyone is doing their work correctly.)
Función
'Función' refers more to the action or task that someone or something performs. It can be used for humans or even objects, with less relation to social or personal context and more focus on general operating principles.
La función del hígado es eliminar las toxinas de la sangre.
(The function of the liver is to remove toxins from the blood.)
Su función en el equipo era marcar goles.
(His role in the team was to score goals.)
Summary
'Papel', 'rol', and 'función' all broadly translate as 'role', but they are applied in specific contexts. While 'papel' often describes roles in artistic settings or informal roles people play in life, 'rol' emphasizes formal positions within structures or organizations. On the other hand, 'función' tends to refer more strictly to functional roles whether carried out by people or objects. All three terms provide nuanced ways for Spanish speakers to discuss the concept of roles.