Estación vs. temporada
In Spanish, both 'estación' and 'temporada' can be translated to 'season' in English, but they are used in different contexts.
Estación
'Estación' refers to the four divisions of the year based on weather patterns: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. It can also mean a station, such as a train station.
La primavera es mi estación favorita.
(Spring is my favorite season.)
Vamos a la estación de tren para tomar el próximo tren a Sevilla.
(We are going to the train station to catch the next train to Seville.)
Temporada
'Temporada' is used more broadly to refer to a period of time characterized by certain events or activities. It can apply to TV show seasons, sports seasons, holiday seasons, and other recurring time periods.
¿Has visto la nueva temporada de la serie?
(Have you seen the new season of the series?)
La temporada de fútbol comienza en agosto.
(The football season starts in August.)
La tienda tiene ofertas especiales durante la temporada navideña.
(The store has special offers during the Christmas season.)
Summary
While both 'estación' and 'temporada' translate to 'season' in English, 'estación' specifically refers to the climatic divisions of the year and can also mean a physical station. On the other hand, 'temporada' is used for any recurring time period marked by particular activities or events, such as TV shows, sports, or holidays.