Cuadro vs. pintura
The Spanish language, much like English and other languages, uses different words for similar concepts. In this case, we're examining the difference between the words 'cuadro' and 'pintura', both of which can translate to 'painting'.
Cuadro
A 'cuadro' generally refers to a framed work of art or picture that can be hung on a wall. It customarily means 'picture frame' and it also implies the painting inside. It is mainly used to refer to a finished piece of art displayed in a gallery or personal collection.
Compré un cuadro para mi sala de estar.
(I bought a painting for my living room.)
El museo tiene cuadros de Picasso muy famosos.
(The museum has very famous Picasso paintings.)
El cuadro que pintó mi tío está en la pared de la sala.
(The painting that my uncle made is on the living room wall.)
Pintura
On the other hand, 'pintura' refers broadly to the act or art of painting itself , including the process, materials used (like paints), and even the finished result. It can refer to any painted artwork regardless of whether it's framed or not.
La pintura al óleo es mi favorita.
(Oil painting is my favorite.)
Está aprendiendo diferentes técnicas de pintura.
(He's learning different painting techniques.)
La pintura abstracta puede ser muy intrigante.
(Abstract painting can be very intriguing.)
Summary
In conclusion, while 'cuadro' and 'pintura' can both translate as 'painting', there are subtle differences in usage. Specifically, 'cuadro' often refers more specifically to a framed piece of art on display, whereas 'pintura' tends to encompass the broader concept of painting, including the process, technique, and even the non-framed results.