Corto vs. bajo vs. breve
The Spanish words 'corto', 'bajo', and 'breve' can all be translated to the English word 'short'. However, each of these words has a nuanced difference in meaning dependent on the context in which they are used.
Corto
'Corto' is used primarily to describe the physical length or duration of something being shorter than the average or expected size.
Este vestido es muy corto.
(This dress is very short.)
El verano fue corto este año.
(The summer was short this year.)
Bajo
'Bajo' is generally used to describe height, meaning something or someone is not tall, or lower than normal level or standard.
Mi hermano es bajo para su edad.
(My brother is short for his age.)
Este árbol es muy bajo.
(This tree is very short.)
Breve
'Breve' typically refers to a short duration of time, especially with regards to temporal occurrences or experiences; it suggests something brief and succinct.
La reunión fue breve.
(The meeting was brief.)
Solo tenemos un descanso breve en el trabajo.
(We only have a short break at work.)
Summary
In summary, while 'corto', 'bajo', and 'breve' can all be translated as 'short', they apply to different contexts. 'Corto' refers to measurements or durations being shorter than average, 'bajo' refers to insufficient height or below normal level, and 'breve' refers to a concise period of time.