Chaqueta vs. campera vs. cazadora vs. chamarra
The Spanish language, like any other, has its regionalisms and synonyms that can complicate comprehension depending on the location. Such is the case with the words 'chaqueta', 'campera', 'cazadora', 'chamarra', all of which translate to jacket in English but are used in different regions.
Chaqueta
This term is widely used in Spain and some countries in Latin America and is a generic term for a jacket.
Hace frío afuera, no olvides tu chaqueta.
(It's cold outside, don't forget your jacket.)
Campera
This term is used primarily in Argentina and Uruguay and refers more specifically to jackets for rural or outdoor use.
Voy a la finca este fin de semana, necesitaré mi campera.
(I'm going to the farm this weekend, I'll need my jacket.)
Cazadora
'Cazadora' is also a term used in Spain especially to refer to a short, waist-length jacket or a biker-style jacket. However, it is also rendered as just another synonym for 'chaqueta'.
Esta cazadora de cuero me queda perfecta.
(This leather jacket fits me perfectly.)
Chamarra
'Chamarra' is the term used widely in Mexico and some parts of Central America for a jacket.
Hace mucho viento, voy por mi chamarra.
(It's very windy, I am getting my jacket.)
Summary
In conclusion, while 'chaqueta', 'campera', 'cazadora', 'chamarra' all translate to 'jacket' in English, their usage varies largely depending on location. In general terms, 'chaqueta' has broad usage while 'campera', 'cazadora' and 'chamarra' have more restricted regional uses. Despite these slight differences in connotation and usage, they all refer to an outer garment that can be worn to protect against weather or for fashion.